{"id":11606,"date":"2025-05-01T07:11:18","date_gmt":"2025-05-01T11:11:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jordanbarab.com\/confinedspace\/?p=11606"},"modified":"2025-04-30T00:00:10","modified_gmt":"2025-04-30T04:00:10","slug":"american-poison-how-lead-gas-companies-beat-the-toxicologists","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jordanbarab.com\/confinedspace\/2025\/05\/01\/american-poison-how-lead-gas-companies-beat-the-toxicologists\/","title":{"rendered":"American Poison: How Leaded Gas Companies Beat The Toxicologists"},"content":{"rendered":"

O<\/span>ne hundred years ago scientists solved a puzzle: how to improve gasoline to make cars more fuel efficient and eliminate \u201cengine knock.\u201d\u00a0 One problem was that additive they used –tetraethyl lead — was toxic.\u00a0 Few tests had been run on the health effects of lead, but after a major scandal at a manufacturing plant in New Jersey where several workers died, the industry devised a plan to obfuscate and deflect attention: create doubt about the danger.<\/p>\n

Alice Hamilton<\/a>, the mother of occupational health in America, having researched the dangers of lead for many years, fought back against the introduction of leaded gas.\u00a0 But she seemed to play a minor role and the push against leaded gas was unsuccessful.\u00a0 It took about 50 years before leaded gas was banned in the United States and another 50 years for a world-wide ban.\u00a0 Meanwhile the oil companies and Ethyl Corporation made millions poisoning the public.<\/p>\n

\"lead\"<\/p>\n

This story is told in detail in a new book by Daniel Stone called American Poison: A Deadly Invention and the Woman Who Battled for Environmental Justice<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

This isn\u2019t a new story but the book does offer some insights.\u00a0 The playbook has been used by the cigarette manufacturers, the asbestos industry, the chemical industry, the plastics industry and many others. It was described by former OSHA head David Michaels in his groundbreaking book Doubt is Their Product<\/a>:\u00a0 A new product is developed.\u00a0 It shows commercial potential.\u00a0 There is also evidence of its toxicity.\u00a0 So rather than do independent research to show the truth and perhaps look for less toxic alternatives, you hire scientists who are willing to obfuscate and parrot the industry line.\u00a0 You create \u201cdoubt\u201d about the toxic effects.\u00a0 Chemicals should be \u201cinnocent until proven guilty\u201d but the expensive long-term studies that are necessary are never funded.\u00a0 We wait until dead bodies pile up and the evidence is overwhelming before taking any action.<\/p>\n

We\u2019ve known about the effects of lead on the body for centuries, since Roman times.\u00a0 And the more we learn, the more toxic we understand it to be.\u00a0 OSHA regulated lead exposures for workers back in the 1980s but the allowable levels were insufficient.\u00a0 Little has been done to revise these limits in the past 50+ years.\u00a0 It was only recently that Cal-OSHA has revised down their allowable workplace limit for lead.<\/p>\n

Exposures to the public are even harder to assess and regulate.\u00a0 Towards the end the book points to the excellent work of Dr. Herb Needleman who demonstrated the accumulation of lead in the body by looking at baby teeth.\u00a0 Others contributed pioneering research in the 1960s like Dr. Phil Landrigan who looked at exposures in Boston to people living under the bridge onramps and Dr. Dave Parkinson who saw lead poisoning among residents near a lead smelter in Ontario.\u00a0 Even today, under the new Administration, regulations on air pollution are targeted for \u201cloosening\u201d with claims that \u201cIt doesn\u2019t mean a damn bit of difference, either, for the environment. It doesn\u2019t matter.\u201d\u00a0 \u00a0The recent gutting of the National Institute for Occupational health and Safety<\/a> (NIOSH) is just going to exacerbate the problem.<\/p>\n

This book is a good primer showing the industry playbook and how devastating the impact can be.\u00a0 The author points to Alice Hamilton for inspiration, though her work was primarily in occupational health and her efforts in this case failed.\u00a0 He concludes on the optimistic note that \u201ca single person\u2026can create considerable progress for the good of others.\u201d\u00a0 That\u2019s slim hope in the current atmosphere where science is being undercut left and right and the truth seems dispensable.<\/p>\n

For more good reading about workers, workplace safety and health, and the labor movement, check out the Confined Space book list<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

One hundred years ago scientists solved a puzzle: how to improve gasoline to make cars more fuel efficient and eliminate \u201cengine knock.\u201d\u00a0 One problem was that additive they used –tetraethyl lead — was toxic.\u00a0 Few tests had been run on the health effects of lead, but after a major scandal at a manufacturing plant in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11609,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[241,244],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-books","category-occupational-disease"],"yoast_head":"\nAmerican Poison: How Leaded Gas Companies Beat The Toxicologists - Confined Space<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lead was a toxic gas additive. 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