{"id":13745,"date":"2026-04-21T07:18:44","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T11:18:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jordanbarab.com\/confinedspace\/?p=13745"},"modified":"2026-04-15T15:38:54","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T19:38:54","slug":"the-sad-decline-in-cal-oshas-worker-protection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jordanbarab.com\/confinedspace\/2026\/04\/21\/the-sad-decline-in-cal-oshas-worker-protection\/","title":{"rendered":"The sad decline in Cal\/OSHA\u2019s worker protection"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"firstcharacter\">O<\/span>f the 21 states (and Puerto Rico) who run their own OSHA programs, CalOSHA is often held up as the model that other states should imitate because the state has several important standards that federal OSHA and few states have: heat, ergonomics, airborne infectious diseases and workplace violence to name just a few,<\/p>\n<p>While many employers will comply with OSHA standards because they\u2019re the law and they care about their employees\u2019 health and safety, far too many others only comply because they\u2019re afraid of being penalized if found to be out of compliance. \u00a0And for those, standards are only as good as the state\u2019s ability to enforce them.<\/p>\n<p>And that\u2019s where CalOSHA runs into problems.<\/p>\n<p>Former CalOSHA inspector and Special Assistant to the Chief of Cal\/OSHA Garrett Brown describes below the problems that CalOSHA enforcement is experiencing and the toll that takes on working people in the state.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span class=\"firstcharacter\">T<\/span>he 2025 California State Audit of Cal\/OSHA contained a shocking and deeply disappointing revelation: the state worker protection agency investigated only 17% of worker complaints in fiscal year 2023-24.<\/p>\n<p>Overall, Cal\/OSHA conducts on-site inspections less than half the time for all types of enforcement activity.\u00a0 Instead of site visits, Cal\/OSHA merely sends a letter to employers so that they can \u201cself-inspect\u201d and report their conclusions back to Cal\/OSHA.\u00a0 These \u201cletter investigations\u201d now account for 60% of Cal\/OSHA enforcement actions.<\/p>\n<p>The current under-50% on-site inspections contrasts sharply with Cal\/OSHA\u2019s activity thirty years ago when 75% of enforcement actions were actual visits to work sites by Cal\/OSHA inspectors.<\/p>\n<p>The net result of this drop-off of genuine enforcement actions \u2013 primarily caused by crippling inspector vacancies, chronic understaffing, and failure to effectively utilize all available financial resources \u2013 has meant that worker protections in California are weaker than ever.\u00a0 As documented by a constant stream of news media reports, both old and new regulations cannot be effectively enforced, and worker populations like immigrants in agriculture, artificial stone manufacturers, and numerous other industries are especially vulnerable.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>State Audit Findings<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>In July 2025, the California State Auditor issued its Report 2024-115 summarizing the audit of five years of Cal\/OSHA enforcement activity.\u00a0 For the last year of the study \u2013 state fiscal year 2023-24 &#8212; from July 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024 \u2013 the State Auditors reported the following activity by Cal\/OSHA in response to worker complaints and employer reports of serious injuries and fatalities:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>13% of worker complaints were invalidated<\/li>\n<li>82% of validated complaints were responded to with a letter investigation<\/li>\n<li>17% of validated complaints had an on-site inspection<\/li>\n<li>42% of employer accident reports were responded to with an on-site inspection<\/li>\n<li>58% of employer accident reports (including those with injuries) were responded to with a letter investigation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>That means that a worker filing a complaint that year had less than one chance in five that it would result in an on-site inspection by Cal\/OSHA compliance safety and health officers.\u00a0 Even with employer-reported serious injuries and deaths, on-site inspections occurred less than half the time.<\/p>\n<p>Cal\/OSHA\u2019s ability to identify and correct hazardous conditions, and to determine the cause of injury accidents \u2013 in order to serve as an effective deterrent to preventable worker exposures and incidents &#8212; has been severely compromised.<\/p>\n<p>If an enforcement agency is to be effective in preventing incidents \u2013 and not just reacting <em>after<\/em> someone is injured or killed &#8212; \u00a0it needs to deter employers from breaking the law and endangering workers.<\/p>\n<p>But deterrence is a function of two factors: the likelihood that you will be caught, and the penalty for getting caught breaking the law.\u00a0 While Cal\/OSHA\u2019s average penalties per violation are <em>on average<\/em> higher than other state plans, high penalties don\u2019t deter much if it\u2019s very unlikely an OSHA inspector will ever appear in your workplace.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Letter investigations continue to dominate Cal\/OSHA activity <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Unfortunately, the latest available inspection data released by the Department of Industrial Relations (DIR), Cal\/OSHA\u2019s parent agency, shows that on-site inspections continue to make up less than 50% of Cal\/OSHA\u2019s activity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Cal\/OSHA Response to All Types of Enforcement Activity;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Including worker complaints, employer accident reports, programmed inspections, referrals, and follow-up inspections<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>Time Period<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>Total Activity:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Complaints, accidents, programmed, referrals, follow-up<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>On-Site Inspections<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>Letter Investigations<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\">CY 2023<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">15,513<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">6,820 \/ 43.9%<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">8,693 \/ 56.1%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\">CY 2024<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">15,780<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">6,367 \/ 40.3%<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">9,413 \/ 59.7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\">Q1 2025<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">3,403<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">1,333 \/ 39.2%<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">2,070 \/ 60.8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\">Q2 2025<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">4,504<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">1,875 \/ 41.6%<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">2,629 \/ 58.4%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\">Q3 2025<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">5,130<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">2,267 \/ 44.2%<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">2,863 \/ 55.8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\">Three Qs 2025<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">13,110<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">5,542 \/ 42.3%<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">7,568 \/ 57.7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Data from the Federal OSHA OIS System of DOSH activity entered into the Federal database by Cal\/OSHA District Offices, generated on October 28, 2025.<\/p>\n<p>The sad news is that the lack of worker protection, and the lack of an effective deterrent for irresponsible employers, continues unabated two years after the end of the audit period.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>A decline from the historical record<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The current low level of onsite inspection contrasts sharply with the levels that Cal\/OSHA achieved over the past 30 years.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>Time Period<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>Total Activity:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Complaints, accidents, programmed, referrals, follow-up<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>On-Site Inspections<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><strong>Letter Investigations<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\">CY 2015<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">13,985<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">7,754 \/ 55%<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">6,231 \/ 45%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\">CY 2010<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">12,316<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">8,463 \/ 69%<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">3,853 \/ 31%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\">CY 2005<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">12,593<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">8,176 \/ 65%<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">4,417 \/ 35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\">CY 2000<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">13,002<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">9,298 \/ 72%<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">3,704 \/ 28%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\">CY 1995<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">13,358<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">10,076 \/ 75%<\/td>\n<td width=\"156\">3,282 \/ 25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"156\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Data from the Federal OSHA OIS System of DOSH activity entered into the Federal database by Cal\/OSHA District Offices, generated on July 13, 2022.<\/p>\n<p>Cal\/OSHA\u2019s total activity was lower in the previous decades, but so were the number of field inspector positions.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Citations for violations of state law drop sharply <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>In addition to conducting on-site inspections less than 45% of the time, Cal\/OSHA has experienced a dramatic decline in the issuance of fewer citations issued to correct unsafe and unhealthy conditions<\/p>\n<p>Cal\/OSHA data for the first nine months of 2025 \u2013 the latest stats available \u2013 shows that the number of on-site inspections increased 5% over the previous year, but the number of citations for unsafe conditions and violations of state law plummeted in 2025.<\/p>\n<p>Comparing the first three quarters of 2025 to the same period in 2024:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Agriculture citations were down 14%;<\/li>\n<li>Construction citations were down 25%<\/li>\n<li>Waste management citations were down 28%<\/li>\n<li>Manufacturing citations were down 37%<\/li>\n<li>Transportation and warehousing citations were down 50%<\/li>\n<li>Health care and social assistance citations were down 53%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The decline in citations issued means a commensurate drop in civil penalties assessed, undermining the deterrent impact of Cal\/OSHA\u2019s enforcement efforts.\u00a0 Again, high penalties can present a strong deterrent, but the deterrent effect is weakened \u00a0if the number of citations and penalties declines.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Enforcement budget cut undermines efforts to improve <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Cal\/OSHA\u2019s Enforcement budget for the current fiscal year 2025-26 was slashed by $16 million \u2013 adding under-funding to under-staffing for the beleaguered worker safety agency.\u00a0 Governor Gavin Newsom \u2013 taking a page from President Trump\u2019s playbook \u2013 proposed a $21 million cut for worker protection enforcement, and the Democratic Legislature approved a $16 million reduction.<\/p>\n<p>There is no fiscal reason requiring this budget cutback.\u00a0 Cal\/OSHA is financed by a completely independent fund which receives no state revenues, and which has run $200 million surpluses in the last three fiscal years.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Workload study calls for 50 more field inspectors <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Six years ago, DIR contracted with the CPS HR Consulting firm to conduct a study of Cal\/OSHA inspectors\u2019 workload and to recommend a staffing level to meet that load.\u00a0 In their July 2020 report, the consulting company concluded that 328 inspectors were needed to effectively perform the agency\u2019s work.\u00a0 In January 2026, Cal\/OSHA has 288 CSHO positions.<\/p>\n<p>Given Governor Newsom\u2019s current cut to Cal\/OSHA\u2019s enforcement budget \u2013 and proposed 2026-27 cuts despite a $200 million surplus in the agency\u2019s primary revenue fund \u2013 make adding the recommended 40 field inspectors impossible.<\/p>\n<p>Chronic CSHO vacancies have generated tremendous pressure on District Managers and CSHOs themselves to \u201copen and close, open and close, open and close\u201d as many perfunctory inspections as possible to keep up with the steady incoming flow of worker complaints and employer accident reports.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>California\u2019s worker H&amp;S protections dramatically lower than neighboring states<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The standard measure of worker health and safety protection agencies internationally is the ratio of inspectors to workers.\u00a0 The International Labor Organization (ILO) recommends a ratio of 1 inspector to 15,000 workers for advanced industrial countries.<\/p>\n<p>The state of Washington has a ratio of 1 inspector to 28,000 workers, while the state of Oregon has a ratio of 1 inspector to 23,000 workers.\u00a0 This state data comes from the April 2025 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/aflcio.org\/reports\/dotj-2025\">Death on the Job<\/a>\u201d report issued by the AFL-CIO.\u00a0 The hand count of Cal\/OSHA positions on the latest available DOSH Organization Chart documents a ratio in California of 1 inspector to 99,000 workers.<\/p>\n<p>Don\u2019t the workers of California deserve the same level of protection that workers in Oregon and Washington state enjoy?<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Regulations without actual enforcement are meaningless<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>As discussed above, California has the reputation of having the most protective workplace health and safety regulations in the nation.\u00a0 On paper, that is certainly true compared to Federal OSHA and many states with their own OSHA programs.<\/p>\n<p>But if the agency required to effectively enforce these regulations, respond to worker complaints, and investigate employer reports of injuries and deaths cannot meet either its legal mandates or its mission, then California\u2019s bragging rights are meaningless and are but a cruel joke for sick and injured workers.<\/p>\n<p>It is entirely the employers\u2019 responsibility to have a safe and healthy workplaces that will not poison, kill or maim their employees.\u00a0 But in the real world, effective government enforcement agencies are essential to hold irresponsible employers accountable, to be an effective deterrent to employers considering risking their workers\u2019 health and safety, and to motivate all employers to meet their legal and moral responsibilities.<\/p>\n<p>Sadly, today Cal\/OSHA is not such an agency.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Of the 21 states (and Puerto Rico) who run their own OSHA programs, CalOSHA is often held up as the model that other states should imitate because the state has several important standards that federal OSHA and few states have: heat, ergonomics, airborne infectious diseases and workplace violence to name just a few, While many [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":13752,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[56],"class_list":["post-13745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-state-plans","tag-california"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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sad decline in Cal\\\/OSHA\u2019s worker protection\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jordanbarab.com\\\/confinedspace\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jordanbarab.com\\\/confinedspace\\\/\",\"name\":\"Confined Space\",\"description\":\"A newsletter of workplace safety and labor issues\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jordanbarab.com\\\/confinedspace\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/bcc6bf185c17840824cfc3ef7522f3c5\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jordanbarab.com\\\/confinedspace\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jordanbarab.com\\\/confinedspace\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/bcc6bf185c17840824cfc3ef7522f3c5\",\"name\":\"Jordan 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